From Classical Foundations to Modern Perspectives: Analyzing the Evolution of Population Welfare Concepts

Abstract

This article examines the evolution from classical to modern theories in the concept of population welfare. It highlights how the focus has shifted from economic metrics and market efficiency to include broader dimensions such as individual capabilities, social equity, and environmental sustainability. This shift is contextualized through a comparative analysis of key economic theorists, illustrating a deeper, more inclusive approach to understanding and measuring welfare.