Measures to Meet and Prevent Leishmaniasis among Mankind

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a group of protozoan transmissive disease found among humans and animals that mainly damages the internal organs (in visceral leishmaniasis) or the skin and mucous membranes (in cutaneous leishmaniasis). The disease is transmitted to a person as a result of the bite of a mosquito infected with Leishmaniasis of the type of Phelebotomus. In turn, moskit is damaged by the bite of a person with an infection, a dog, wild animals (rat, Fox), various rodents (large sand mouse, red-tailed sand mouse, leaf-toothed squid and thin-toed hummingbirds, etc.). The infestation season is summer, and the infestation season is autumn or spring of next year. Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Replication of the parasite occurs in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Leishmania infection does not always lead to a clear clinical picture of the disease; in a number of infected people, the disease manifests itself as prolonged fever, anemia, hepato-splenomegaly, and loss of body weight. Visceral leishmaniasis is fatal if left untreated; cutaneous leishmaniasis is not fatal but can result in disfigurement. Leishmaniasis is usually diagnosed by direct visualization of amastigotes (microscopy of smears obtained from scrapings of skin lesions from aspiration or biopsy material). However, the biopsy is painful for the patient, and identification of infected cells can be difficult, especially when little Leishmania is found in the tissue examined. Some indirect immunological diagnostic methods are quite effective, including the immunofluorescence reaction (RIF). In order to prevent leishmaniasis, mosquito control is carried out and natural foci of leishmaniasis are rehabilitated. Early identification and treatment of patients is important.